Microcontrollers

Electronic Components

In the category of electronic components, we can find parts of the electrical system such as: resistors, capacitors, potentiometers, switches, relays, integrated and hybrid circuits and many others. All of the above-mentioned elements perform one of the basic functions in the electrical system, namely they are responsible for the production of electricity, energy dissipation or its storage. Electronic components can be divided into passive (passive) or active (active). Passive elements consume only electricity, while active elements participate in the creation and processing of signals.

Microcontrollers

The microcontroller is a single integrated circuit containing a CPU (central processing unit), input-output circuits and RAM memory. The task of the microcontroller is to control electronic devices. The processor is a small central processing unit. Its task is to download data from the operating memory, interpret them and execute them as orders. These devices are integrated circuits placed in an airtight housing.

Capacitors

The capacitor is an electrical element made of two conductors separated by a dielectric. Its basic utility parameter is capacity C, expressed in farads. The main task of a capacitor is to accumulate electric charges of the same value, but opposite potential.

Resistors

Resistors are also called resistors, they are responsible for limiting the current flowing in the circuit. It is a linear element. Resistors can be divided due to their construction, we can distinguish carbon, metal and foil. We also divide resistors into SMD, THT and adjustable resistors - called a potentiometer. The color barcode on the resistor determines its resistance. The measure of resistance is an ohm, the higher it is, the lower the current flow. Resistance is the amount between the voltage and the strength of the electric current.

Inductors components

Inductive components are one of the electronic components. This group includes: coils, chokes, filters and various types of transformers. The main task of inductive elements is to counteract changes in the magnetic field. The basic inductive element is a coil, otherwise known as an inductor, used to prevent changes in the current intensity. The operation of transformers, in turn, is based on the transfer of alternating voltage. However, filters are responsible for passing or blocking signals.

Coil, Inductors

Low Power Transformers

Other Inductors

Potentiometers

A potentiometer, or variable resistor, is an electronic component whose task is to regulate the potential. It is made of an insulator, a slider and a resistance path. It is equipped with three terminals, so-called pins.

Varistors

The varistor is a passive, semiconductor electronic component with non-linear resistance characteristics. Varistors protect the receivers against excessive voltage. They are used in: - securing devices connected to the telephone line, - in voltage stabilizing elements, - in surge protection of devices and machines, - in frequency converter systems.

Switches, Buttons

A switch is an electrical connector that is designed to turn on or off current paths in unipolar or multipolar circuits. It works by permanently changing the position of the contacts. We distinguish the following types of switches: - rocking chair - vandal resistant, - camshaft - key switch / key switch, - pressed. The button, i.e. the bell switch, is a switch with low rated currents used in control and signaling circuits. Unlike switches, buttons work as long as they are pressed and controlled. Buttons are also called impulse buttons. There are two types of buttons: monostable and bistable.

Resonators

The resonator is an electronic element responsible for stabilizing the oscillation frequency of electronic oscillators. Its operation is based on a piezoelectric phenomenon in a quartz crystal. Resonators are used in electronic oscillator systems and as components of narrowband filters.

Relays

A relay is an electrical device that is designed to open and close an electrical circuit. The relay consists of two basic parts: coil and contacts. To make the relay contact close or open, apply voltage to it. The current that flows in the turns of the coil causes a magnetic field, which in turn causes the steel armature to attract, which opens or closes the appropriate contact or contact assembly.

Filters

Filters in electronics are devices responsible for passing or blocking signals of a certain frequency. They are often used to reduce interference or unwanted noise. In terms of performance, we divide filters into passive, active, digital and other. Virtually every device in use today includes filters to prevent mutual interference in electrical circuits.

Intergrated Circuits

Integrated circuits are miniaturized electrical systems with a wide range of applications in modern industrial automation and more. Integrated circuits are usually closed in a glass, metal or ceramic housing. In their interior, integrated circuits contain from a few to several thousand (or more) basic electronic components. The discussed circuits can be divided according to the type of signal: analog, digital or mixed. Due to the construction, we distinguish between hybrid and monolithic systems. Integrated circuits are: comparators, chargers, multiplexes, converters, transistors, logic circuits and many others.

Voltage Regulators

Memory Chips

Logic

Microcontrollers

Processors

LEDs, Light Bulbs

LED diode is a semiconductor device that emits visible light, as well as infrared and ultraviolet light. The operation of the diode is based on the phenomenon of electroluminescence. Today, LEDs have a wide range of colors that can be effectively used not only in industry, but also in our homes. For the installation and effective use of LEDs, we can purchase LED holders and LED drivers. On the other hand, a light bulb is a well-known source of light, which is generated thanks to the flow of electricity through the filament.

Optoelectronics Components

Optoelectronic elements are all devices working in the field of optical radiation. These are LEDs, light detectors, lasers, optical fibers and displays. The basis for the operation of these elements is the interaction of photons and electrons. In terms of functionality, optoelectronic components can be divided into semiconductor light sources, semiconductor detectors and radiation converters. Optoelectronic elements help in the operation of devices and make their use and appearance more attractive.

Optocoupler

Photodiode, Phototransistors, Photoresistors

Hybrid circuits

Hybrid circuits are one of two groups of integrated circuits. Hybrid systems are plates made of an insulator on which conductor layers are applied. Then layers of insulator and resistive material are applied. Miniature electronic components are introduced successively. A system constructed in this way is usually closed in an insulated housing. Hybrid systems make it possible to obtain the exact value of individual components. The discussed systems can be divided into thin and thick layers due to the thickness of the layers.

Termistory

Thermistor - a passive electronic element with temperature-dependent resistance.